By: unixkid | unixkid_11@netzero.com | A newbies guide to HACKING 2.0 contact info contact me if you have any qustions email unixkid_11@netzero.com web www.UNIXFU.tk or you can contact me on the www.hackers.com BBS or in irc.hack3r.com #chat ********************************************************************************** what is hacking hacking it's been mistaken for many things, some think it's braking in to a system, some think its all about crashing servers, others think its writing viril, it all depends on how you look at it, it's a state of mind, in my mind it's learning all about OS's and programming and hardware, others focus on networking or security , it's simply a need to know more. some people get on a computer and say "im going to learn the basic's just enough so i can get by" others get on and say "this thing is amazing and i want to learn everything about it" like i said it's a state of mind. this guide is just a start,how far you want to take it is up to you.. ************************************************************************************ UNIX Unix is a multi user multi tasking operating system. Multi user means it can have more then one person logged on to the system at one time. And multi tasking means that it can do more then one thing at a time. unlike windows it dosent store it's files by drive name like c\, it stores them in directorys like /etc or /home. UNIX comes in allmost 80 diffrent versons and types, the most common would be BSD and linux, Linux is easy to use for a windows user, and bsd is for the more expearinced user. UNIX is a complex system that use's simple commands to do thing's. if you use unix from the shell<---(a user interface that displays everything in text) you give the system commands to get things done, say you wanted to make a program in the C computer language. you would type gcc at the command line, gcc is the command for the c compiler. using unix from the shell is like using DOS in winows, there are no desk top's and you dont even need to use the mouse. But UNIX systems like linux and bsd do come with desk top's and some versons of linux are as easy to use as windows, The only thing that is diffrent is the file system, it's more stable and best of all it's free, you can download linux from any one of thier home pages but you better have a high speed modem, on 56k it can take upto 3 days, if you dont want to download it you can buy it from a local computer store or from ebay.com. but if you want to use unix now without buying it, just get a shell account a shell account is an acount on a unix system that let's you access a shell from a remote computer. thier are a few diffrent type's of shell's. bash shell it comes with linux, and is easy to use. there is a C shell not as easy to use for newbies, but has it's good ponts. there is a korn shell, similar to the bash shell and also easy to use , there is a z shell i dont know much about that one try it for yourself and tell me what you think. there are other shells but those are the most popular. once you use UNIX you will love it, it is way more stable then windows and you can change it, and do what ever you want to it .unlike windows wich hides files from us, and spy's on us. now for those commands i told you about, this list of comands was taken from the UNIX bible by psychotic, so some of them are old but most of them still work. A list of commands and a quick description alias ........ this allows the user view the current aliases awk ........ this allows the user to search for a pattern within a file bdiff ......... compares two large files bfs .......... scans a large file cal ......... shows a calendar cat ......... concatenates and prints a file gcc ......... c compiler cd ........ changes directories chgrb ......... changes a file groups ownership chmod ....... changes the permission on a file chown .......... changes the individual ownership of a file cmp ......... compairs two files comm .......... compares two files so as to determine which lines are common to both cp .......... copies file to another location cu ......... calls another unix sysytem date .......... returns the date and time df ......... shows all mounted drives on your machine diff ......... displays the diference between two files du ......... shows the disk usage in blocks for a directory echo ........ echoes the data to the screen or file ed ........ text editor env ......... lists the current environment variables ex ........ another text editor expr ........ evaluates a mathmatical formula find ........ finds a file f77 .......... fortran complier format ........ initializes a floppy disk grep ......... searches for a pattern within a file help ......... gives help kill ........ stops a running process ln ........ creates a link between two files lpr ......... copies the file to the line printer ls ......... lists the files in a directory mail ........ allows the user to send/receive mail mkdir .......... makes directory more ......... displays a data file to the screen mv ........... used to move or rename files nohup ........ allows a command to continue running even when you log out nroff ......... used to format text passwd ........ changes your password pkgadd ......... installs a new program onto your machine ps ........... Lists the current processes running pwd ........ displays the name of the working directory rm ........ removes files rmdir ........ removes directories set ......... lists all the variables in the current shell setenv ......... sets the environment variables sleep ......... causes a process to become inactive source ......... allows the user to execute a file and update any changed values in that file sort .......... sorts files spell ......... checks for spelling errors in a file split ........ divides a file stty ......... sets the terminal options tail ......... displays the end of a file tar ......... copies all specified files into one touch ........ creates an empty file or updates the time/date stamp on a file troff ......... outputs formatted output tset ........ sets the terminal type umask ......... specify a new creation mask uniq ......... compairs two files uucp ........ unix to unix execute vi ........ full screen editor vipw ......... opens the vi editor as well as password file for editing volcheck ......... checks to see if there is a floppy disk mounted to your machine wc ......... displays detail in the full size who ........ inf. on other people online write ......... send a message to another user ! ....... repeats commands More commands with a better description (Not all commands are listed). cat: -b, --number-nonblank Number all nonblank output lines, starting with 1. -e Equivalent to -vE. -n, --number Number all output lines, starting with 1. -s, --squeeze-blank Replace multiple adjacent blank lines with a single blank line. -t Equivalent to -vT. -u Ignored; for Unix compatibility. -v, --show-nonprinting Display control characters except for LFD and TAB using `^' notation and precede characters that have the high bit set with `M-'. -A, --show-all Equivalent to -vET. -E, --show-ends Display a `$' after the end of each line. -T, --show-tabs Display TAB characters as `^I'. --help Print a usage message and exit with a status code indicating success. --version Print version information on standard output then exit. thanks to psycotic for the commands ______________________________________________________________________ ********************************************************************************** linux linux is a unix based OS now you dont have to have linux to be a hacker (some may tell you this) but if you want to be a programmer or really get into unix you need linux it's a multi user multi tasking system that is almost as easy to use as windows (as far as the desk top inviroment go's) however when you get into the command line you will need a basic knowlage of the unix file system to help you get around linux is open source witch alow's people to make thier own version's witch is why it come's in so many diffrent flavor's the best for beginners is mandrake www.mandrake.com other good distro's are SuSe slackware and red hatfor more info check out www.linux.com. ********************************************************************************** a little about tcp/ip tcp/ip is a protocol system, protocols are for computers to connect and communicate with each other in diffrent ways, so that data can be transmitted from one computer to another. this is what the internet is a bunch of computers and other things all connected to each other and moving data back and forth. they use a system of ports for the data to go into and out of. each port for a diffrent kind of communication some for logging into one computer to another and. some for sending files and other infomation from one computer to another. i my self dont know alot about tcp/ip but i know were you can find all the infomation you need, read the book sams teach yourself tcp/ip in 24 hours you can read it online here http://infobase.informit.com/linux/content/bookframe.html?0672312484 ************************************************************************************ ip's ip mean's internet protocol it is an address that is given to every computer connected to the internet even you have one an ip look something like this (xxx.x.xx.xxx) but with numbers there are to diffrent kind's of ip's dienamic and static dienamic ip's are what you get when you have dail up internet access it changes every time you sgin on to the internet a static ip allways stays the same and is what you get if you have cable or dsl access ip's are also a way of connecting to a remote system more on that later. ********************************************************************************** netstat netstat is a program in windows that shows the diffrent connection to your computer you can use it to find ip's and the diffrent port's open on your computer to use netstat open MS-dos and type some of thes netstat comands NETSTAT [-a] [-e] [-n] [-s] [-p proto] [-r] [interval] netstat -a Displays all connections and listening ports. (Server-side connections are normally not shown). netstat -e Displays Ethernet statistics. This may be combined with the -s option netstat -n Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form. netstat -p proto Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto may be tcp or udp. If used with the -s option to display per-protocol statistics, proto may be tcp, udp, or ip. netstat -r Displays the contents of the routing table. netstat -s Displays per-protocol statistics. By default, statistics are shown for TCP, UDP and IP; the -p option may be used to specify a subset of the default. interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds between each display. Press CTRL+C to stop redisplaying statistics. If omitted, netstat will print the current configuration information once. netstat can be very usefull and playing around with it will teach you alot about how tcp/ip works *********************************************************************** telnet telnet is a port (port 23) and a clilent that comes with windows. that lets you connect to a remote computer system, to use telnet in windows just hit the windows key and R at the same time, this will bring up the run prompt type in telnet and hit ok now to connect to a remote system. go to conect then remote system and then type in the ip or host name of the system to use telnet. from a UNIX shell type telnet then the host name or ip number telnet is very usefull so play around with it you can have all kinds of fun. another way to connect to remote systems is with a program called hyper terminal, just go to sreach for files or folders and type hyper terminal. when it finds it, open it and it will ask for a phone number, dont type one in, go to were it says connection type and change it to tcp/ip and type in the ip of the system. here is a list of the most importent port numbers ftp 21/tcp File Transfer [Control] ssh 22/tcp SSH Remote Login Protocol telnet 23/tcp Telnet smtp 25/tcp Simple Mail Transfer 35/tcp any private printer server nicname 43/tcp Who Is 59/tcp any private file service whois++ 63/tcp whois++ finger 79/tcp Finger http 80/tcp World Wide Web HTTP www 80/tcp World Wide Web HTTP www-http 80/tcp World Wide Web HTTP pwdgen 129/tcp Password Generator Protocol netbios-ns 137/tcp NETBIOS Name Service netbios-dgm 138/tcp NETBIOS Datagram Service netbios-ssn 139/tcp NETBIOS Session Service imap 143/tcp Internet Message Access Protocol qmtp 209/tcp The Quick Mail Transfer Protocol exec 512/tcp remote process execution; # authentication performed using # passwords and UNIX loppgin names chshell 562/tcp chcmd whoami 565/tcp whoami ftps-data 989/tcp ftp protocol, data, over TLS/SSL telnets 992/tcp telnet protocol over TLS/SSL pop3s 995/tcp pop3 protocol over TLS/SSL (was spop3) *********************************************************************** .finger finger is also a port number using finger you can get more info about a web site or server just open telnet then go to conect then remote system then were the port number is type in port 79 insted of 23 after conecting it will give you some info on the host *********************************************************************** wargames (not the movie ;--) wargames are servers set up by hackers for other hackers to crack into without the chance of going to jail, it is ok to crack a wargame the FEDs wont care, wargames allmost allways run some kind of UNIX OS on them. like SUN or linux or BSD. cracking wargames is easy all you have to do is find an explote on the net, (or make one your self ;) and use it on the server learning to program will make this easyer, the best war game servers can be found at www.hack3r.com www.hackerslab.org www.happyhacker.org there are more just sreach the net for wargames *********************************************************************** geting answer's from pro hackers without geting flamed i get tons of qustion's from newbies like "how do i hack" "will you teach me to hack" "will you help me hack hotmail" "will you help me hack yahoo" "can you tell me how to make a virus and the simple answer to all thes qustions is....... NO!!!! i will not help you with any of thes qustions nor will any other real hacker real hackers do not condone nor will they help others with illegal activitys a real hacker does not do anything illegal they are programmers and people with a grate knowlge of diffrent OS's and security the best qustions to ask would be something like this "can you tell me a good programming language to start with" answer= a good idea would be to start with python or html and then move on to java and c/c++ "can you tell me some good sites to get info" try www.hackers.com www.hack3r.com www.python.org www.soldierx.com just ask qustions like that you will be fine if you dont ask about anything ilegal.(or lame;) *********************************************************************** learn how to program, this is were alot of newbies get confused (i did and still am :) but it's really not that hard, programming is simply using a computer language that the computer can understand, and giving it instructions using the lang, C/C++ seem to be the most popular but a scripting language can be much more simple to learn, like java script or python or PHP these can help you understand programming better, then you can go onto learning C/C++. i recommend python it's fun and can be usefull for web scripting im not going to go very deep into programming becuse im not really that good at it, so why should i teach you. but i do know of some usefull sites that can help you. www.programmersheaven.com www.cprogramming.com www.python.org www.UNIXFU.tk (i got a few guides there) www.hackers.com/new/subjects.php?cid=1 were to get info this list of sites should help you www.UNIXFU.tk www.hackers.com www.hack3r.com www.linux.org www.root-core.com www.rootshell.com www.neworder.box.sk www.programmersheaven.com www.textfiles.com www.UNIX.com www.linuxpower.org www.UNIXguide.net www.UGU.com www.infosyssec.com www.hackedarchives.com www.python.org www.hackershideout.com www.deter.com www.intap.net www.alw.nih.gov www.amk.ca www.linuxgazette.com www.edge.box.sk www.packetstorm.securify.com www.informit.com www.xs4all.nl/~l0rd www.fatbrain.com www.9x.tc www.altavista.com www.attrition.org www.hackology.com www.code.box.sk www.hackerslab.org www.hao.org www.hackershomepage.com http://thenewbiesarea.wd1.net